Lifestyle intervention to prevent Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered to be one of the most common degenerative diseases, largely affecting the elderly population. This disease negatively impacts memory and cognition due to the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. While there is no cure, there are ways to lower risk factors, as a healthy lifestyle can be a preventive measure against AD. A previous study found that living alone and not having a romantic partner can increase the likelihood of getting AD. Furthermore, being less educated also increases the chance of developing AD. It was also proven that highly educated people endure the disease more and experience fewer symptoms, possibly due to an increase in cognition from education. Moreover, smoking increases the risk of Alzheimer’s, as smoking decreases antioxidants in the body which consequently results in beta-amyloid accumulation. Exercise is another important measure that can prevent the development of Alzheimer’s because physical activity decreases neuroinflammation, increases blood flow, and ameliorates attention. Studies conducted on animals have demonstrated that physical exercise improves neuroplasticity and increases neurotrophic factors, keeping the brain healthy and enabling it to bounce back from neuronal damage. Amyloid formation has also been shown to be repressed with exercise in a rat model study. Additionally, depression and stress are considered to be notable risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s, as an increase in psychological stress can lead to a decrease in memory. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is another factor in developing AD, as well as hyperglycemia. This is because hyperglycemia increases beta-amyloid accumulation, and increases inflammation of the brain. Finally, one’s diet is important, with previous research concluding that the consumption of fruits and vegetables can be an efficient preventative measure against AD. Ultimately, many interventions can delay or even prevent AD. It’s never too late to live a healthy lifestyle, however, starting these measures at an early age is suggested.

Source: Ko, Y. & Chye, S. (2020). Lifestyle intervention to prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 31(8), 817-824. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2020-0072